As COP 30 came to an end in Belem, Brazil, on 22nd November 2025, one of the critical questions people ask themselves is what’s next for the local community. This year’s COP, termed the “Implementation COP,” clearly indicates that the world is now cognizant that all ambitions must be matched with implementation.
The government requires all new mini-grids to comply with the Kenya National Distribution Code to build grid-ready mini-grids. This approach is intended to support long-term planning and prevent duplication of infrastructure. However, this policy has created uncertainty for investors. Developers are unsure what will happen when their systems are integrated into the grid. Without clear protocols for compensation, asset transfer or operational continuity post-integration, investors remain cautious.
While technological advancement continues to reshape agriculture globally, its potential in the African context is both profound and complex. Given that the agricultural sector is largely composed of resource-poor smallholders, the integration of technology faces inherent limitations, often operating at a more foundational and fragmented level.
In Kenya’s informal settlements, electricity access remains a persistent socio-technical challenge shaped by the tension between the national utility’s push for formal connections and the entrenched presence of informal electricity providers, often called cartels.
Across much of sub-Saharan Africa, cooking is still very much a smoky affair for both rural and urban households. Despite decades of policy ambition and investment, biomass remains a dominant player in the cooking landscape.
For rapidly urbanizing Africa cities where 85% of people are informally employed, where 60% live in informal housing, and where social resilience often lies not in state systems but in organic, community-based networks.